Professor (Dr.) Sanjay
The nutrition ghost particle of the universe refers to a mysterious entity known as dark matter. Dark matter is one of the biggest puzzles in modern astrophysics, making up approximately 85% of the total mass-energy density of the observable universe. While its exact composition remains unknown, evidence suggests that dark matter interacts weakly with ordinary matter via gravity. Its presence and distribution have been inferred through various observations, including galactic rotation curves, galaxy clustering, baryonic acoustic oscillation measurements, cosmic microwave background radiation fluctuations, and Type Ia supernova data.
Dark matter is thought to play a crucial role in the formation and evolution of large-scale structures in the universe. Its gravitational influence helps regulate star formation rates, star cluster densities, and black hole growth in galaxies. Without dark matter, the universe would look significantly different than what we observe today. Understanding this elusive component is essential for developing accurate models describing the cosmos.
Several hypotheses exist to explain the true identity of dark matter. One possibility is that it consists of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), such as neutralinos or axions. These particles arise naturally in several extensions to the Standard Model of elementary particle physics. Direct detection experiments seek to identify WIMPs passing through Earth detectors, whereas indirect searches aim to observe cosmic ray signals produced when WIMPs collide with atomic nuclei. So far, no conclusive evidence exists supporting any dark matter candidate, thus leaving the field open to further investigation.
Another possibility concerns macroscopic objects like primordial black holes, remnants of the earliest stages of the Big Bang. Primordial black holes have masses ranging from thousands to billions of solar masses and could make up some fraction of dark matter. Their discovery would imply a connection between dark matter and early cosmology.
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